Sunday, December 1, 2013

Unfiltered Notes: Spitting in the Wind



By Tewelde Stephanos  Email: testifanos@gmail.com
17 Nov 2013

I read an article in asmarino.com recently that illustrates how deeply PFDJ’s culture of negation has penetrated the Eritrean psyche. Zekere Lebona’s1 article with Yosief Ghebrehiwot’s (YG) supporting comment lashes out at the twenty two Eritrean Intellectuals who wrote a petition addressed to Eritrea’s despot and his muted ministers (click here to read the petition)2.  I do admire both writers for their eloquence and brilliant minds. Both are regular contributors I have learned a lot from over the years. Although I disagree with YG’s conclusions, his diagnosis is - more often than not - on the mark. My favorite is “Equality by Subtraction3, a must-read for Eritreans.  

To be clear, I am not suggesting Zekere or YG curb their rights of self-expression. However, a pinch of humility and respect for others can advance the discourse a great deal. Just a little pause to check what we say or do is not condemning Eritrea to continued PFDJ oppression, unintentional though it might be, will do. This does not mean, however, bad ideas from allies should go unchallenged (and I find the stand the 22 took to be a good one). But often, we tend to spend more time going after each other instead of channeling our energies against the oppressive regime.

The said article’s anger is directed at the twenty two Eritreans, whose hearts happen to be in the right place.  But as Zekere puts it, the appeal “… made by the twenty-two intellectuals from the diaspora is the most scandalous” compared to other appeals before it. YG chimes in accusing the “22 muhuran” of “… enabling [the regime] to stretch its life beyond necessity”.

YG’s accusation of extending PFDJ’s life is not getting through my thick head. In this case, I would argue that the dismissive tone of rejecting those who dared to speak up, albeit tenuously, is more to the liking of the despot. I can almost see Isaias grinning ear to ear satisfied with how frequently and readily - we the people – go full force to break the stride of those who are taking their first steps against his rotten regime.

I do agree with their point that appealing to Isaias is a futile exercise. I even agree with Zekere’s point the appeal lacks a “sense of urgency, indignation and outrage”. But by focusing on its weakness, we are discounting its positives. This group of fine Eritreans has moved away from the club of silent majority (Isaias’ greatest asset) and they have chosen to be vocal. That is a huge deal. As such they deserve a welcoming spirit and a nudge to do more, not dismissal.

Recognizing this significant shift to break away from silence of the majority the despot has been enjoying, it would have been more productive for YG and Zekere to just chide the group for what obviously is a dead-on-arrival appeal, while making a good faith attempt to challenge them to do more. And they can do more given their immense intellectual capacity and the connections at their disposal to help make things better.

Inexplicably, Isaias has chosen death and destruction for Eritrea. To reverse this unfortunate choice, we need to encourage and welcome those who are stepping up, regardless of our personal biases how late or tentative we perceive their actions to be. There is no doubt in my mind this is NOT what Zekere and YG intended to do but through their dismissiveness, serving Isaias is exactly what they ended up doing. Hopefully it won’t be the case, but who wins if some of those 22 thoughtful Eritreans, go back to being silent or end up participating with reduced enthusiasm?

Lack of humility in our discourse and the quick negative reactions we exhibit towards each other are things the regime has been exploiting a million fold to its own advantage. This attitude of my way or no way is the main problem that has made the 30 plus opposition parties ineffective. Intentionally or not, they continue to serve Isaias’ interests. Is there no common goal these folks can work together on to bring about a better outcome?

These 30 plus groups have been in the opposition camp for decades now. Yet, I doubt if there is any action they have taken singly or collectively that matches Arbi Harnet’s approach to connect with change agents inside Eritrea. Apologizing ahead of time for my potential ignorance, Aribi Harnet is the only action-oriented group in the opposition camp that I am aware of. One can argue whether what Arbi Harnet is doing is sufficient or not. But that is the best we have so far and they deserve everyone’s full support to accomplish more.

We all know now that Eritrea’s struggle for independence was a single task undertaking. It was very narrowly framed as freedom from Ethiopia with no vision or strategy on what follows next. And that is why we are paying the heavy price today.  We can’t afford to repeat the same mistake again. Although Isaias’ demise will be a welcome event, the day after will be messy and we need to look beyond that day itself. Eritrea is a failed state where all state infrastructures are either completely out of commission or in need of serious repair. Adopting a culture of inclusion and a welcoming spirit for everyone’s efforts – big and small – will be critical in reversing the damage that has been done sooner than later.

Which is all the more reason to stop this bad habit of spitting in the wind.  The often repeated phrase one hears when someone or some group begins to make sense is ‘where have they been’ (abey nerom). We need to resist this temptation of belittling those we should be embracing. Any break away from the regime, as long as they are clean from proven criminal record, should be welcomed and embraced.

It is my hope Zekere Lebona and YG will take no offense from this posting and accept it for its intended spirit.



Thursday, August 29, 2013

Unfiltered Notes: Pessimism Is Not an Option

By T. Stephanos    Email: testifanos@gmail.com
August 24, 2013

Pessimism has been the prevailing state of mind in Eritrea for some time. And why not? There sure is plenty to be pessimistic about. Ruled by unenlightened group that has consistently adhered to a medieval code of conduct that exerts maximum pain on its subjects, Eritrea has been inhospitable to its own citizens.

Not surprisingly, some asmarino.com writers have even gone to the extent of declaring Eritrea’s independence a mistake and something that should be reversed. Although their frustration is understandable, I don’t believe anything good can come out of such desperation. It is better to salvage what we have (not an easy task) to recoup some of the dignity we have squandered so willfully before contemplating alternatives from a position of extreme weakness.

As bad as we have let things get, however, it is not hard to see Eritrea’s malaise is reversible. Even taking recent African examples, Rwanda is doing much better compared to its bloody past. Admittedly, given the history of one-man shows that stay too long leaving messy exits behind, it may not be out of the woods just yet but it sure is on a hopeful trend. Ethiopia is another good example. In spite of its complex problems, it is truly moving on, making more good decisions than bad ones. It even went through its first institutional peaceful transfer of power in history. So, the current dark clouds over Eritrea’s skies can be cleared if (and this is a BIG if) we start behaving differently.

But first let me pile on the bad news to acknowledge how seriously broken things are.

From all indications, Eritrea appears to be a country without people. Sure, it has about 5 million inhabitants. But disempowered and dispirited, the inhabitants have so far refused to behave as people. We have resorted to small but ineffective regional or religious factions allowing ourselves to become easy prey for all sorts of vultures. Save very few brave souls, we have the tendency to obey any orders from the tyrant of the day, no matter how ridiculous (‘give me 50,000 nakfa or I will jail your elderly father’). In addition to modern-day slavery at home, this culture of extreme obedience and self cacooning has manifested itself in other undesirable ways too – one of which is the astronomical prices human traffickers demand from Eritreans only.  
Normally, the sort of indiscriminate oppression the regime levels against its own people should have resulted in a united opposition to uproot it. But we are more divided than ever. Even the “youth” movements are infected with the divisive virus of the older generation dimming the light at the end of tunnel a bit more. The hope was that as the old folks die off, their divisive legacy would die with them. As it seems, the regime is more likely to fall under its own dead weight than through active demand for freedom. One seriously hopes not, but with severely weakened sense of a unifying national umbrella, Somalia’s recent history is not a far-fetched scenario for Eritrea’s near future.
Our dialog, if it can even be called that, lacks civil discourse mimicking the regime’s arrogant culture. Anytime someone or some group starts to make sense, the regime launches vicious attacks to discredit them using well-crafted misinformation it has perfected for over 40 years. To make matters worse, people either keep silent or repeat the regime’s falsehoods without a second thought. Having trashed the character of fellow citizens, Eritrea now appears to be devoid of decent folks to look up to as examples of good citizenship – where the tyrant is referred to as “the man”. Even our language has deteriorated to glorifying the despicable as manhood has nothing to do with killings, deceit and thievery.
And then we wonder “who” can replace the despot. But “who” is not even the right question. A more appropriate question to ask is “what” because what we have is a systemic failure. The focus ought to be on how to build self-correcting institutions that can cleanse themselves of tyrants through legal means.
The regime’s repeated servile visits to Egypt to sabotage efforts of multiple African countries to renegotiate outdated Nile water rights continues to isolate us from our neighbors. This ought to be a source of shame for all Eritreans because, at the end of the day, it is being done in our name.
But the regime’s obsession to sabotage Ethiopia at all costs has only managed to impoverish Eritrea. Either way – be it from the regime’s shameful submissiveness to Egypt or our silence - Eritrea is the loser. Although not expressed publicly, such creepy (loQmaS) behavior can only generate mocking laughter from Egypt -- proof of which is Egypt doing absolutely nothing to end the horrific crimes Eritreans are subjected to in Sinai.
Similarly, the regime financing regional armed groups who don’t even believe in Eritrea’s sovereignty can only be detrimental to Eritrea’s long term health. Taking Tigray’s “opposition” as an example, there is sufficient platform for them to resolve their issues within Ethiopia’s political space. As the regime continues to eliminate and disempower Eritreans, it is possible this Tigray group could end up being the primary security force to guard the rotting regime – creating complexities that will be difficult to untangle for future generations on both sides of the border.
But enough about the bad news. What now?
Building Trust
One core value that is missing from our interactions is trust. It is ironic that blind trust on the regime’s current actors is what got us where we are today. Instead of leveraging that trust to build a better future, however, the regime chose to install multi-layered spy networks to destroy trust itself. As a result, lifelong friends, neighbors and even family members don’t trust each other anymore.
Could those in the opposition and civic groups, especially the “youth” groups, gather the courage to reach out to their peers to reconcile differences and re-direct the fight against the regime instead of against each other? Could each of us make our own individual pledges to withdraw our membership from the club of ‘silent majority’ and support those we believe are making a positive difference? Mine goes to Arbi Harnet for their innovative approach to reach their peers in Eritrea because sustainable change can only come from inside Eritrea – with support from outside accelerating that change.
Communication with the right tone
There are well-intentioned individuals or groups (the G13, G15, civic groups, Internet groups etc) with strong desire to do something transformative. Unfortunately, they either exit the scene too soon or squabble among each other posing no threat to the regime. For a tiny country of 5 million (if that), we have too many splinter groups with no discernible collaborative spirit or, worse, with deep but unfounded antagonism towards each other. In a way, we have become the best allies the corrupt regime could hope for – perpetuating the agony in the process.
Those leading the way need to start communicating with a respectful tone to gain followers. Often, the message that comes across loud and clear has a tone of dictators in waiting who want to rule rather than leaders who are ready to serve.
Our dialog needs to be elevated to more dignified levels – respectful, coherent and persistent than what we have had so far. We need to have the right tone in our conversations everywhere (in formal meetings, in forums, in places of worship, in coffee shops etc) to replace the regime’s dismissive tone and feudal culture. The Orthodox Church’s split into pro and anti-regime cliques is sad to say the least.
Culture of inter-dependence
Our recent history, architected by few insiders of the regime, has been one of extreme arrogance. This has alienated us from each other and from the rest of the world. The arrogance of yesteryears where we derisively saw Ethiopia as nothing more than a market for Eritrea’s finished goods is a fading memory now. We have made a total mess of things and destroyed whatever potential there was to produce goods for export. Ethiopia is advancing ahead of Eritrea now and we are more likely to become consumers of Ethiopia’s goods instead. Eritrea doesn’t produce much that improves the lives of its people or that is of interest to others. If there is (gold you might say?), the feudal lord and his minions have made sure nothing trickles down to improve the economy. Forget meeting energy needs for industrialization purposes. Eritrea can’t even handle demand for basic household lighting.
Unless cheaper sources of energy are miraculously discovered, for example, energy self-sufficiency will remain an elusive goal and with it Eritrea’s elevation to the civilized world. A better formula could be mixing Ethiopia’s much cheaper hydro power and Eritrea’s port services as good counter weights in building an inter-dependent future with desirable side-benefits of reduced chances of conflicts. But the poisoned atmosphere needs to be detoxified for that and other formulas to be contemplated.
Although Assab and Massawa could still be viable for the long term, they are less competitive to Djibouti’s improving port services and other options Ethiopia is exploring. Meles’ words describing Assab as watering hole for camels still holds true today. Even if the regime gets a much deserved demise tomorrow, Eritrea’s ills will continue unless we start thinking and acting more constructively. We need to switch to an inter-dependent mind set to end the isolation.  Unfortunately, we will have to face this from a position of weakness for some time.
Education
Education is one of the very few high probability equalizers for personal and national growth. Nations with enlightened leaderships facilitate citizenship applications for highly educated foreigners. Our citizenship in western societies, gives us the opportunity to see this blessing first hand in our daily lives. Even Ethiopia is trying its hand by allowing Eritrean refugees in Ethiopia to attend its universities. What are the chances of those graduating from these universities returning to Eritrea’s life of slavery?
Unfortunately, the regime has marginalized education robbing the nation of two decades worth of quality education. Mentioning the closure of the only accredited university, the so-called chancellor never attending a university graduation ceremony, a semi-literate military man appointed to run the so called “colleges” (military boot camps in reality) is probably sufficient to show how deep we have sunk in this critical space.
Maybe we wouldn’t have made the ranks of other small countries like Finland and Singapore who come at the top of education achievement ratings year over year. But we could have made some progress towards that worthy goal if it weren’t for the wasted decades under a regime that despises education and the educated so much.
There is no denying things are bad. But it is possible to turn things around for the better by refocusing energies to re-build the frayed trust; through renewed commitment to respectful dialog that gets the tone right making everyone feel included; by moving away from the regime’s bombastic and isolationist culture towards an inter-dependent future within Eritrea and outside; and by re-starting the journey towards quality education. Rwanda and Ethiopia are improving the trajectory of their future. We can too. But for that to happen, we must first reject the regime’s toxic culture of exclusion and extreme arrogance wholesale.

Saturday, July 13, 2013

Unfiltered Notes: Eritrea’s Second Chance

By T. Stephanos    Email: testifanos@gmail.com

First, a true story for some perspective. From their school days, my brother remembers Jemil as a gentle fellow who stayed out of trouble. Then Jemil’s never-to-be-messed-with line was crossed when a popular Ethiopian general slapped him in a public place in Addis sometime in the mid-1990s. Jemil went out, came back with a gun and killed the general on the spot. No heroism or justification is intended here, it is only a statement of fact to illustrate people have breaking points that drive them to take action - rational or irrational.

Contrasting this with the indignities Eritreans have been experiencing under the very first regime of their own, it appears there is no limit to the suffering Eritreans are willing to endure. It started with the persecution of Jehova’s witnesses and we did nothing. Meeting no resistance, the regime kept upping the ante making persecution of other religions, disappearances, killings, confiscations and now, human trafficking part of Eritrean daily life.

There is even a joke that goes along with this reality, where Isaias asks God to give him another country to rule over because Eritreans are too docile and boring. “No matter how badly I treat them”, he tells God, “they refuse to fight back”. God denies the request telling him since there is no limit to your cruelty and no limit to how much your people are willing to suffer, you are perfect for each other. But don’t lose hope just yet – remember Forto 2013 or the 450 who busted out of the hell you created for them in Wia1?

A Squandered First Chance
 
1991 was supposed to be a great beginning when wide-eyed optimism and contagious positive energy were abundant. Then, in what can only be described as delight in cruelty, a feudal system took over and reversed everything back to the Dark Ages. The big bright dreams are gone, consumed by the darkness we all helped create – literally, considering the frequency of power outages.

There is a long history of tegadelti -- those we took to be among the most fearless and daring -- getting slapped by the bully-in-chief or smashed by whiskey bottles and simply taking in the indignity with bowed heads. In some cases, the stories go, while they were armed. It is an image that is hard to reconcile. How is it the very one we were led to believe was ready to die to bring freedom to others, fails so badly to fight for his own? Worse, those so abused turn around to unleash their own cruelty on others. And unbecoming of their ‘courageous’ past, they only retaliate down -- against people who did them no harm. According to Asmara’s hyper active rumor mill, even the acid-tongued Naizghi Kiflu took a bottle to the head but continued to do the dirty work for his abuser and went on to play a key role in the disappearance of his former comrades. But there is no honor or mercy in bully land and Naizghi probably got the worst of it - both when alive and dead. Which begs the question, whatever happened to Eritrean manhood?

Eritrean womanhood has not fared well either. The Eritrean mother used to be THE icon of fairness and compassion. Now the sharp tongue that used to lash out heavy doses of ‘mergem’ (curses) against bullies and those who broke social norms, is tamed to uttering cultish ululations.

There are exceptions of course, but too few to make THE needed difference because by the only measurement that matters, the bully is still in charge. And bit by bit, our first golden opportunity slipped away. While Ethiopia accepted reality and moved on - with a peaceful power transfer to boot - we remain stuck in the mud unwilling to move on. That is the unpleasant story of our first big chance. 22 years later, 1991’s optimism is a fading memory. But it can’t and shouldn’t end there. Now what?

 
The Second Big Reset

At long last, the voices demanding change are getting louder and stronger. Gone are the days when the regime’s propaganda was consumed so readily and thoughtlessly. It is good to see the regime’s inner circle crumbling. Who would have thought Ali Abdu, Eritrea’s liar-in-chief, would abandon the regime? In ‘screw the science’ bravado, he even told us his idol actually “breathed with his knees”. Then came Forto 2013. Now there are reports Negash Afwerki, Kisha’s deputy, may have also jumped ship. Who is next?

A second big reset (1991 being the first) is about to unfold and the day of reckoning will come, one hopes, sooner than later. However, the culture of banditry and lawlessness the regime has created won’t be easy to reverse quickly. So, what to do to make sure our second chance is not wasted like the first? No question there are better ideas but here are a couple that come to mind.

Start Breaking the Silos Now
 
Silos take away the advantage of leverage.  Eventually, you end up getting isolated and weak, like Eritrea’s situation today. Call it the arrogance of success (1991) but we got blinded by our bombastic “uniqueness” and went out of our way to alienate everyone. Isaias had his tirades against the UN, OAU and African dictators (for being too soft, it now appears). I remember Girma Asmerom arrogantly stating how the world will soon see that we are different from other Africans (and it still makes me cringe today). And boy did we show them? Unfortunately, we did so in ways we never imagined – by plunging Eritrea to the bottom of the heap.

And as we ran out of external enemies, we just as quickly invented internal ones. The silos multiplied. Religious and regional differences we thought we had overcome got reincarnated. Believing this group or that group is the new enemy, the number of opposition groups mushroomed – often incoherent and very antagonistic towards each other forgetting the pink elephant in the room, as they say.  Finding no opportunities within, a large segment of the population - the segment that is more likely to demand and bring about change left and continues to leave. The sense of Eritrean-ness 1991 made possible has been seriously eroded and will have to be stitched back thread by thread.

We got too busy arguing which group or sub-group has it the worst – always debating which group’s cup is half full or half empty. And since all this is done in the isolation of our self-imprisoning silos, no one has bothered to join hands to fill the cup.

To break these silos, it is going to need very deep soul searching by everyone – at personal and organizational levels- to re-evaluate ALL previously held assumptions and belief systems. Some to discard and the good ones to double up on.

Nurturing an Inclusive Culture
 
The regime understand power very well. And since power concedes nothing, the regime also stops at nothing to maintain it. To that end, the regime’s culture of exclusion first gave us the tegadalai vs gebar (intentionally meant to be demeaning) divide. It was routine practice for gebars to be excluded from relevant work-related meetings in their own departments. Not surprisingly, trust between the two plummeted as intended. The divisive negative tone slowly expanded to other areas where, very often, people are declared non-Eritrean for views they hold that happen to be different than ours.

Some so-called deqbats, for example, say Isaias hates Eritrea because he is not Eritrean, which besides being false, is simply unproductive. He never was anything else. Even using the lowest standards of honesty, we know Hagos kisha lived his whole adult life as an Eritrean. For me, denying him that would be inhuman. Is his role negative? Yes, but how is that different from the equally destructive roles played by the likes of Alamin, Wuchu, wedi Gerahtu, Ali Abdu, Dr. Woldeab Isaac  etc (we all know the list is too long).  That is why the identity question is always a non-starter. It tries to solve a problem that doesn’t exist and shifts focus away from the real ones that must be addressed.

We also know many Ethiopians fought and died for Eritrea. They did more for Eritrea than many so-called Eritreans -- especially the loud mouths who trumpet the identity card so callously. Here is Haile Kugne’s example2 (goes well with long walks). Honoring them for their contributions, besides being the right thing to do, will also help deepen a much needed culture of inclusion.  Haile tells his interrogator the only way he will be silenced from voicing his opinion is when he is dead. Strong character and strong ideals like Haile’s is what was missing and what we are going to need to make Eritrea’s second coming as successful as it can possibly be.

Maybe then, Eritrean children, like other children around the globe, will have the opportunity to unleash the power of their imagination by doing (this3). That is what is at stake with the second big reset – a new Eritrea at peace with itself and its neighbors, where no devil has the power to limit the future of a child or other citizens ever again.

 


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Saturday, April 13, 2013

Unfiltered Notes: The Sinai Tragedy

By T. Stephanos              Email: testifanos@gmail.com

The numbers are staggering. Eritrea, a country of 4 to 5 million, has produced over 250,000 refugees in about 10 years. 35,000 live in a state of limbo in Israel. And these are the lucky ones. Over 4000 have perished in Egypt’s Sinai, some after ransom was already collected by traffickers (here is a good summary by Dan Connell)1. In a poor country where annual income is less than $500 USD, ransom for Eritreans has reached $40,000 - with some reporting as high as $50,000. Traffickers don’t demand much from other nationals lending credibility to those who believe Eritreans are contributing to their problems by submitting to traffickers’ demands. Horrific crimes of organ harvesting, torture and rape are common occurrences going back to the Mubarek years. Egypt has done nothing to stop these crimes and Amnesty International’s2 recent appeal is likely to fall on deaf ears.

Eritreans are running away from unbearable life under a ruthless dictator. And as younger Eritreans who are more likely to bring about change leave the country in big numbers, the regime feels less threatened and tightens its stranglehold even more. This is a double whammy. Eritrea loses the most productive segment of its population and the regime that is running it to the ground gets more years to make things worse.
In the meantime, the regime and foreign mining companies, like Canada’s Nevsun, reap the benefits of forced-labor the remaining Eritreans are subjected to. Mr. Cliff Davis, Nevsun’s CEO, says there is no corruption in Eritreawhich, of course, is ethically and factually wrong. Nevsun is currently one of the few prominent enablers of tyranny in Eritrea. The super secretive and opaque regime Mr. Davis praises has perfected corruption and abuse of power for over 40 years. Outside of the unelected president and his personal treasurer, no one knows how or where Eritrea’s resources - including Nevsun's gold revenues are spent. That is how deep the corruption at the top is.

When… is Nevsun going to do business ethically?”4 wonders exiled journalist, Aaron Berhane, who miraculously survived the regime's hail of bullets when he was running for dear life to the Sudanese boarder. Belying Mr. Davis' words, there is absolutely no sign Nevsun’s gold revenues are trickling down to benefit the Eritrean public. The economy is in ruins, the cities crumpling, poverty is worse than ever before, hope a distant memory.

The Root Cause

The lawless regime is the root cause of the mass exodus that is reliably feeding the Sinai tragedy. Stuck in the quicksand of its Maoist past, it continues to torture and murder Eritrea’s brightest who dare to think independently.
Education, usually a good equalizer, is devalued and blind loyalty is rewarded handsomely. The least qualified, people with unethical past or with blood in their hands are put in positions of power (listen to Said Saleh’s two part interview with assenna.com)5. These are people the regime has and can easily blackmail into total submission to do whatever they are told.
Vast, multi-layered spy networks are effectively used to terrorize the population. In such an environment, trust is one of the first casualties. With trust out of the way, the regime’s propaganda machine kicks in to distort reality at will. It is illegal to organize and discuss solutions to common problems. There is no freedom to debate, to think freely or to act on one’s dreams and aspirations.

The Supply

Deeply frustrated, many choose to leave the country becoming easy targets for traffickers. The regime has the capacity to shut off this supply by normalizing life in Eritrea. But it hasn’t and there are no signs it will. Isaias Afwerki, who has shaped and reshaped this ruthless regime for four decades, sadistically refers to those fleeing his tyranny as people going on a picnic. He sent a pretentious letter of protest to the UN recently, but exposing his usual insincerity, refuses to allow UN personnel access to Eritrea to assess the situation.

And here is the irony. Eritrea is a highly militarized country with over 300,000 under arms and few Rashaida tribesmen are believed to operate the human trafficking ring. The Rashaida are 1% of Eritrea’s population. That comes to a total of about 50,000 Rashaidas in the country. Assuming 1% of them are involved in human trafficking, it begs the question how a highly militaristic and trigger-happy regime that has waged war with all its neighbors is unable to disrupt a 500-strong criminal gang? Given its vast spy network, it is even reasonable to assume the regime knows each one of them by name.  The ratio of Eritrea’s army to the few Rashaida traffickers is 600 to 1. Said another way, Eritrea’s 600 military personnel are no match to one Rashaida operative. The regime either has no desire to stop the trafficking or, as some suspect, the regime is actively profiting from it.

The Money

Those trapped in forced-labor earn - if it can even be called that - 500 nakfa/month. That is equivalent to $33 USD per month at the arbitrary official exchange rate. More realistically, this is a mere $12 at black market rate which is a better measure of the Nakfa’s buying power. With Eritrea's runaway inflation, one egg costs 11 nakfa these days. So the entire monthly ‘salary’ of over 300,000 Eritreans trapped in forced-labor cannot even buy 50 eggs. That is it, 50 eggs – with nothing left for rent, food, clothing or occasional milk for children.

It is against this reality that the $40,000 USD ransom to free loved ones from traffickers becomes so unbelievable. There are credible reports indicating initial payments of $3,000 to $5,000 USD are collected in Asmara, Eritrea’s capital. Government vehicles are used to transport those who paid to the Sudanese boarder. Six to eight people can fit in one SUV and a single trip of less than 400 kilometers can generate at least $30,000 USD – a staggering amount, especially compared to monthly ‘earnings’ of $12.

The Enablers  

The primary culprit in this human trafficking ring is the regime itself. By making life so difficult, it is guaranteeing the traffickers will have ample supply. And it has full capacity to shut off the networks - definitely in both Eritrea and in the Sudan, and possibly in Egypt. The regime falsely claims the CIA is behind the human trafficking but does absolutely nothing to protect its citizens. Similarly, the scattered political opposition groups have also done nothing. Strangely, many Eritreans enjoying freedom in the diaspora also support the regime unconditionally. Conditional support is one thing but unconditional support in this day and age is simply insane. The regime’s true identity has been fully bared for well over a decade now and the time to give it any benefit of the doubt has long expired.

We have otherwise capable people like Dr. Ghidewon Abay, a professor of mathematics himself, unwilling to do the basic math. The simple math being poverty has no better friend than locking young people to a life of forced-labor indefinitely. Dr. Ghidewon is one of the few remaining ardent supporters of the regime - a regime that murders, tortures and terrorizes its people and robs them blind every single day. One hopes the good doctor will join many former supporters who saw the light - sooner than later.

The Brave

In spite of these grim realities, there are also brave souls who continue to light candles in the darkness rekindling hope and optimism. Zebib Sultan6 is one of them. Realizing sustainable change can only come about if owned and driven by their peers inside Eritrea, Arbi Harnet is another group trying innovative ways to reach and embolden those who matter most.
Although there is a lot going badly for Eritrea, this is not the time for pessimism or inaction. It is time to search for friends, not enemies. YPFDJ is misguided by better-resourced and skillful operators. Its leadership is rotten for sure but the broader YPFDJ or PFDJ membership should not be dismissed or alienated. The bad ideas of exclusion they are getting bombarded with daily can and should be defeated with better ideas of inclusion.

So far no viable organized body has come up with better ideas to inclusively build momentum in the right direction. The Sinai tragedy proves the point very well. Even a tragedy of this scale does not seem sufficient to overcome the silly differences that have fragmented folks into regional, religious and political silos.
That is why supporting those who are doing good work like Zebib and Arbi Harnet is a great place to start. If you are frustrated by the lack of progress and have been sitting on the fence, start supporting them today. Because it is those small and ordinary efforts that add up to produce extraordinary results eventually.


[1] http://asmarino.com/articles/1701-refugees-ransoms-and-revolt
[2] http://asmarino.com/press-releases/1713-egypt-sudan-kidnap-and-trafficking-of-refugees-and-asylum-seekers-must-be-stopped
[3] http://www.capitaleritrea.com/nevsuns-ceo-makes-the-cover-of-resource-world/
[4] http://asmarino.com/articles/1716--nevsun-resources-ltd-puts-canadian-values-and-innocent-lives-at-stake
[5] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzj9j-7KzFs
[6] http://asmarino.com/news/1703-zebib-sultan-at-women-in-action-conference